1. Biographical information (Ex: Poe had many psychological problems that affected his writing.)
2. Quotation (from the text itself)
3. Definition (Ex: "Poetic justice" is supposed to mean that virtue is rewarded and evil is punished.)
4. Literary elements (Ex: Imagery is a powerful way to express feelings and emotions.)
5. Life experience of the author (Ex: E. Hemingway had a lot of problems communicating with women.)
6. Plot (Ex: At the beginning of Wilde's "Nightintale" story, the bird's heart is figuratively broken by the student's sorrow. By the end, the bird's heart is literally split by the rose's thorn.)
7. Philosophical/Sociological concept (Ex: Trials involving life and death should be based on legal facts and arguments.)
8. Historical background (Ex: Gothicism was in vogue in the early nineteenth century, delving (exploring) into metaphysical issues and the meaning of death.)
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